
What is drive Level? What are the effects of excessively high drive level?
A.
Drive level is the power applied to the crystal by the oscillator circuit.
The drive level can be calculated as follows:
Additionally, Re can be estimated as:
The drive level can be calculated as follows:
Drive Level DL=I²*Re
where I is the current entering the crystal unit, and Re is the effective resistance of the crystal.Additionally, Re can be estimated as:
Re= RR×(1+C0/CL)²,
RR : The resistance of the crystal
C0 : The parallel capacitance of the crystal
CL : The load capacitance
If the drive level exceeds the specified limits significantly, that will cause no oscillating, frequency deviation, or higher resistance. It is recommended to incorporate a current-limiting resistor (Rd) in the design or to use XTAL with a higher drive level specification to avoid the crystal operating beyond its limits.RR : The resistance of the crystal
C0 : The parallel capacitance of the crystal
CL : The load capacitance